Julian, Owen and Luis had some pens in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 7. Luis gave 40% of his pens to Julian and Owen. As a result, Julian had the same number of pens as Owen and Luis had 14 fewer pens than Julian.

1. What was the percentage increase in Julian's pens after receiving from Luis?
2. How many pens did Owen have at first?

Julian	Owen	Luis	Total
3 u	4 u	7 u	14 u
+ 2.8 u		- 2.8 u
4.9 u	4.9 u	4.2 u	14 u

(a)
Number of pens that Luis gave away
= 40% x 7
= ⁴⁰₁₀₀ x 7
= 2.8 u

Number of pens that Julian and Owen each had in the end
= (14 u - 4.2 u) ÷ 2
= 9.8 u ÷ 2
= 4.9 u

Increase in the number of pens that Julian had
= 4.9 u - 3 u
= 1.9 u

Percentage increase in Julian's pens after receiving from Luis
= ^1.9₃ x 100%
= 63.333333333333%

(b)
4.9 u = 4.2 u + 14
4.9 u - 4.2 u = 14
0.7 u = 14

1 u = 14 ÷ 0.7 = 20

Number of pens that Owen had at first
= 4 u
= 4 x 20
= 80

Answer(s): (a) 63.333333333333%; (b) 80